A feedlot is a margin business, not a cattle business

The feedlot's profit does not depend on whether cattle prices are high or low. It depends on the spread: what you pay for a feeder steer plus what it costs to feed him, against what the packer pays for the finished animal roughly four to six months later. You can buy feeders cheap and still lose money if corn rallies, or sell fat cattle strong and lose money if you overpaid for placement. The margin is the product.

That margin is exposed from the day cattle are placed. Feed costs are committed as the ration is consumed, and the sale price is unknown until closeout. Live cattle futures trade in 40,000-pound contracts, feeder cattle in 50,000-pound contracts - both can move several dollars per hundredweight in a week, which on a pen of cattle is real money in either direction.

Locking the crush without margin calls

The textbook approach hedges all three legs in futures: long corn and feeders (or their cost exposure), short live cattle against the expected sale. It is sound economics and brutal mechanics - three margined positions, daily settlement on each, and margin calls that arrive precisely when the market moves hardest. A feedlot can be hedged correctly on paper and still be forced out by interim cash demands.

CCS's forward-contract approach fixes the relevant prices for the feeding period without margin calls or daily settlement, structured around your placement and closeout calendar rather than exchange delivery months. You are converting a floating margin into a budgeted one. CCS has structured hedges for livestock operations since 1983, and the broker's job is mostly to make sure the coverage matches how your yard actually runs - head counts, feeding periods, and marketing windows.

Honest limits of margin hedging

A locked margin protects against price movement, not against death loss, poor gain, or a basis that moves against you at closeout. And when you fix the sale price, you give up the rally - in a strong cattle market a hedged pen underperforms the unhedged neighbor. Over a run of years, though, the yards that survive are usually the ones that treated feeding as a manufacturing business with a managed margin, not a bet on the cattle market.

How Feedlots Hedge Cattle Margins — FAQ

What is the cattle feeding crush?

It is the margin between the cost of a feeder animal plus feed and the value of the finished fed animal. Hedging the crush means locking the prices of those inputs and outputs so the margin is fixed in advance rather than floating with the market.

Should a feedlot hedge every pen?

Most yards hedge selectively - covering pens where the market offers an acceptable margin and leaving some exposure open. Hedging everything removes all upside; hedging nothing leaves the operation fully exposed to the market's mood.

What about basis risk at closeout?

Basis - the difference between your local cash price and the reference market - still moves and remains your risk. Forward contracts can address basis directly in the terms, which is one advantage over an exchange-only hedge.

Is hedging cattle margins the same as trading cattle futures?

No. Trading futures outright is speculation, with margin calls and daily settlement; futures trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. A margin hedge fixes prices on cattle you actually own and feed, which is risk reduction, not a bet.

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