An elevator's business is basis, not flat price

A country elevator buys grain from farmers, stores it, conditions it, and sells it to processors, exporters, or terminals. The money is made in the basis - the spread between local cash and the reference futures market - plus storage and handling margins. But every bushel bought from a farmer and not yet resold is a long position in the grain market, and every bushel sold forward to an end user and not yet bought is a short one. Left unhedged, the elevator is a grain speculator with a very expensive warehouse.

The scale makes this serious. A mid-size facility can carry hundreds of thousands of bushels of inventory; a fifty-cent move in corn against an unhedged position is a six-figure swing that has nothing to do with how well the facility is run.

The discipline: hedge every position as it is created

Professional grain merchandising is mechanical about this: when grain is bought, an offsetting sale is made; when grain is sold forward, coverage is bought. The flat-price exposure is neutralized the moment it is created, and what remains is the basis position the elevator actually intends to own - where it has local knowledge, storage economics, and transportation advantages.

The traditional mechanics are futures accounts, and for an elevator that means margin calls whenever the market runs against the hedge - on long inventory in a break, on forward sales in a rally. CCS's forward-contract approach achieves the same offset with no margin calls and no daily settlement, with terms matched to bushels and shipping periods. CCS has served the grain trade since 1983, including the broker judgment about position limits and coverage discipline that keeps a merchandising operation out of trouble.

Where elevators get hurt

The failures are well known because they repeat: leaving inventory unhedged because 'the market looks strong,' over-selling against expected harvest purchases that a drought then shortfalls, or letting a basis position quietly become a flat-price bet. Each is a lapse of discipline, not of intelligence.

A written hedging policy - what gets covered, when, by whom, and how exceptions get approved - is worth more than any market opinion. The hedge program exists so the elevator's year reflects merchandising skill, not the direction of the corn market.

Hedging Strategies for Grain Elevators — FAQ

Should an elevator hedge 100 percent of its flat-price exposure?

The flat-price exposure from purchases and forward sales, yes - that is standard merchandising practice. The basis position is intentionally left open, because basis is the business the elevator is actually in.

What is the biggest hedging mistake elevators make?

Letting hedge discipline slip when someone has a market opinion - carrying unhedged inventory into a break or uncovered forward sales into a rally. The second classic mistake is over-committing forward purchases ahead of an uncertain harvest.

How does this work with farmer forward contracts?

Grain bought forward from farmers creates an immediate short exposure that gets covered the same day it is written. The farmer's contract and the elevator's offset are two sides of the same discipline.

Why use forward contracts instead of futures for the offset?

Futures work but carry margin accounts, daily settlement, and margin calls that scale with position size. Futures trading involves substantial risk of loss and is not suitable for all investors. Forward contracts neutralize the price risk without the margin mechanics and can mirror actual bushels and shipment periods.

Talk It Through with a Real Broker

Call Lannie Cohen at 317-848-8050 — 40+ years of commodity experience, one phone call away.

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